During the first half of the twentieth century, most explanations of female crime were ancillary to explanations of male criminality. Convictions for assault per 100,000 of population. If we assume that the gender gap in offending has not declined in relation to serious crime, and that the narrowing of the gender gap in convictions is instead due to the justice system handling larger numbers of less serious offences over time, it is perhaps unsurprising that the newspapers coverage gap has remained unchanged. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. grouped in with juvenile offenders or those with mental illnesses (Smart, 1976). Chapter Summary and Key Concepts - Oxford University Press "useRatesEcommerce": false Lombroso's Theory of Crime - Northwestern University Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Cesare Lombroso, often referred to as the father of criminology (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, Citation2013), published The Female Offender in 1893. This trend is thus more in line with the feminist-inspired observation that increased gender equality may instead lead to reductions in mens abnormally high levels of offending (see also Estrada et al., Citation2016). To the extent that increased gender equality is linked to a decreasing gender gap in crime, it would appear just as reasonable to examine how this process might have led to decreased levels of offending among men as it is to look for explanations focused on posited increases in crime among women (Estrada et al., Citation2016). Edited and translated by Mary Gibson and Nicole Hahn Rafter, 161226. Nevertheless, early sociological explanations of female crime, stressing sociocultural factors, were also commonplace. . Anne Hartman, Women: A Cultural Review, "This volume contains many helpful and practical features. To illustrate, the article mentioned Aileen Carol Wuornos Pralle, was a prostitute from Florida who committed numerous killings of at least seven men between 1989 until 1990. Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman anticipated today's theories of genetic criminal behavior. There are many factors that suggest that abnormal human traits tend to lead someone to the life of crime. Otto Pollak's The Criminality of Women is the most important work on female crime prior to the modern period. Berrington & Honkatukia, Citation2002; Brennan & Vandenberg, Citation2009). Ironically, Lombroso was rare in that he systematically studied female offenders, which for many years before and after were ignored by criminological researchers. The positivist school comprises many types of theories of crime, including biological, psychological, sociological, and critical sociological. Collins also found that the language employed in articles focused on female offenders was more fearful. In 1895 it was translated into English as The Female Offender, but this contained only one part of the original work and omitted much of the material on prostitutes and the commentary on the 'normal' woman.

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