Accustomed to the privations of postwar Europe, the young Danes earned a reputation for medical creativity. During these months we have in fact been in a state of war, wrote Henry Cai Alexander Lassen, Blegdams chief physician. A competent respiratory therapist who understands the technical aspects of the ventilator machine and can adjust the pressure, oxygen, and alarms to ensure the ventilator helps the patient without causing injury. For example, in 1838 Scottish physician John Dalziel described a full-body type tank ventilator. It consisted of an airtight box in which a patient sat, with only the head protruding. Quadriplegic, but alive, she left Blegdam in 1959 after a seven-year convalescence. A new low-cost ventilator design invented during COVID-19 could address the global shortage of ventilators for other respiratory diseases. Their new positive pressure ventilator, modeled on an oxygen-supply system for World War II pilots, increased airflow to the lungs. After one hospital struggled to sustain the breathing of hundreds of patients, engineers found a solution that saved lives and sparked an ethical firestorm. All breathing work is done by the machine. About 1935. Physician Albert Bower and engineer Vivian Ray Bennett, supplemented the Emerson-style tank ventilator with an invention that simultaneously inflated the lungs through a tracheostomy. At the time, the devices were usually referred to as respiratorsa term now used for protective face masks. The modern devicesused to assist or actually substitute for a patients normal breathing in a wide range of clinical scenariosare smaller, more portable, and are electronically controlled by microchips to exactly adapt air flow and pressure to an individual patients needs. You are free to share this article under the Attribution 4.0 International license. The effort consumed 250 ten-liter breathing gas cylinders each day. And the ventilator, invented just three years before at Harvard Medical School, was the "iron lung"initially a rectangular metal box in which individual patients were placed with only their heads protruding. His breakthrough shepherded Vivi Ebert and the city of Copenhagen through the grimmest days of the outbreak, and cemented his reputation as a founding father of intensive care medicine.

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