230 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<82C9D454FA306544935F2BF957AE07B4>]/Index[202 44]/Info 201 0 R/Length 118/Prev 129030/Root 203 0 R/Size 246/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream /Filter /FlateDecode While much of the US-driven academic debate has focused on if and how cyber operations reach the threshold of war, this paper focuses on the organizing of offensive capabilities between military and intelligence in Europe. The ANSSI is organizationally separated from the intelligence and military branch of French cybersecurity. >> QDR seeks to adapt, reshape, and rebalance our military to prepare for the strategic challenges and opportunities we face in the years ahead. We use cookies to improve your website experience. These principles encompass the DONs cyberspace activities across the entire competition continuum, from day-to-day competition to crisis and conflict. How to make sure that increased collaboration and sharing of (human, technical, and economic) resources across military and intelligence entities create the desired effectiveness, synergy, and flexibility? There is hence a need for increased attention and a focused approach to how the country-specific organizational model allows for operational capacity to travel from, translate into, and shape intelligence and military entities and to which implications. << Why does Norway not have a standalone cyber command? To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. August DEFENSE CYBERSECURITY - Government Accountability Office NATO tailors its engagement with partner countries on a case-by-case basis, considering shared values, mutual interest and common approaches to cyber defence. Consequently, also in the French case, it is ambiguous how the entities complement each other in practice, and how the desired organizational collaboration will achieve impact. PDF Strategic Cyberspace Operations Guide - Army War College The French Military Cyber Strategy that so far consists of three separate documents: the Ministerial Policy for Defensive Cyber Warfare, the Public Elements for the Military Cyber Warfare Doctrine, and the Public Elements for Cyber Influence Warfare Doctrine (Ministre des Armeses Citation2019a, Citation2019b, Citation2021) does, however, not elaborate on the collaboration between the COMCYEBR and the intelligence services. This scholarship is, however, guided by crafting conceptual frameworks (Smeets 2018, Citation2019) or mapping the development of cyber commands (Pernik Citation2020). << /Parent 2 0 R While the principle of separation is strong on paper, the French organization of cyber capabilities is more complex. 202 0 obj <> endobj However, under the Joint Cyber Coordination Center (FCKS), the intelligence service collaborates and coordinates with the National Security Authority (NSM), the Policy Security Service (PST), and The National Criminal Investigation Service (Kripos) when it comes to countering and dealing with severe cyber operations (Forsvarsdepartementet Citation2020, 7677).

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